One Flew Over the Cuckcoos Nest essays

One Flew Over the Cuckcoos Nest papers Attempt to envision living professing to be an alternate individual, being encircled by individuals who can scarcely talk not to mention being someone you can relate with. Well after a great deal of prison time, Randle McMurphy, the hero from the book One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, felt that this life may be simpler then the hard work he experienced on a jail work ranch. Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is a really powerful book that puts you directly in the earth of a Mental Hospital, taking you through the high points and low points of man who professes to be intellectually sick in order to surpass prison time; a once and in a lifetime experience. Randle McMurphy is a sparkle fitting of a man that before long encounters the sentiment of being caught in the wake of being sent to a psychological emergency clinic to be assessed. The opinion of help enters his brain when he understands the existence he will before long be living wouldnt be such terrible. From the outset things appeared to be moving along easily for McMurphy (or as the patients called him, Mac) when he was settled in. He acquainted his individual nuts with the round of dark jack, despite the fact that none of them truly got on... without a battle at any rate. The patients began to truly like Mac and the required character he brought to the emergency clinic. The one in particular that didnt affirm of his conduct was the uneasy Nurse Ratched. Attendant Ratched genuinely felt that Mac was in reality intellectually debilitated and required assistance. And keeping in mind that Mac was cattin around the medical clinic and upsetting the request, she was clarifying that he was not outwardly world. She utilized dangers to get down to business Mac and quietly removed day by day accommodations that he once misbehaved with no guidelines. For instance, betting was finished rapidly in the medical clinic when Nurse Ratched got mindful of it and appropriated all the rewards. In addition, she made little refusals like denying him the option to watch the World Series; Mac has never missed a World S... <!

Role of the a3b4 nicotinic receptor in drug addiction and in the Essay

Job of the a3b4 nicotinic receptor in illicit drug use and in the antiaddictive activity of novel ibogaine analogs - Essay Example The variations from the norm that produce enslavement, nonetheless, are wide-running, complex, and durable. They may include a connection of natural impacts, for instance, stress, the social setting of starting substance use, and mental molding. Numerous components, both individual and natural, impact whether a specific individual who tries different things with medications will keep taking them sufficiently long to get reliant or dependent. For people who do proceed, the medication's capacity to give extreme sentiments of delight is a basic explanation (Kalivas and Volkow, 2007). Recorded and social components are keys to the comprehension of addictive issue. These components influence the paces of addictive issue in the network, the sorts of substances mishandled, the attributes of harsh clients, the course of these clutters, and the adequacy of treatment. Addictive substances help articulation of a few human capacities that can upgrade both individual and social presence. On the individual level, attractive closures incorporate the accompanying: help of unfriendly mental and passionate states, alleviation of physical indications, incitement to work notwithstanding weakness or weariness, and â€Å"time-out† from everyday presence through adjusted conditions of cognizance. Substance use and reliance cause a critical weight to people and social orders all through the world. The World Health Report 2002 showed that 8.9% of the complete weight of malady originates from the utilization of psychoactive substances (World Health Organization, 2004). The repor t indicated that tobacco represented 4.1%, liquor 4%, and unlawful medications 0.8% of the weight of infection in 2000. A great part of the weight inferable from substance use and reliance is the consequence of a wide assortment of wellbeing and social issues, including HIV/AIDS, which is driven in numerous nations by infusing drug use. Over the previous decade, utilization of addictive substances has penetrated its way into the standard culture in specific nations. More youthful individuals specifically appear to have a slanted feeling of security about these substances, accepting rather wrongly that they are sheltered and favorable. In the mean time, addictive substances are representing a genuine danger to the wellbeing, social and monetary texture of families, networks, and nations. For some nations, the monetary weight is generally new, however

Admissions and Forrest Gumps Box of Chocolates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Admissions and Forrest Gumps Box of Chocolates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Admissions and Forrest Gumps Box of Chocolates As Forrest Gump says, Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you will get. Undergraduate Admissions, especially during decision time, has some real connections to this this quote. Our post-decision interactions (mostly with denied students and families) many times involves an attempt to compare their own student with other admitted students that they know. Many students think they know other applicants in detail due to the fact that they sit next to each other in Biology, they know their rank in class and they might know the ACT Composite if the student posted it on Snapchat. But in the admissions world, life is really more like the infamous box of chocolates. When you look at all the chocolates in the box, you see the outer chocolate layer, and many times you think you know what is inside due to the shape of the candy. But in reality, you really only know the surface, and dont know if it is caramel, nougat, or coconut until you get to the center. In the same way, students know the surface information of other students, but they generally do not know the inner details of another persons life. They might know a GPA or rank, but they do not know their UGA recalculated GPA, the academic trends we see, and the letter of recommendation that we receive from their AP Calc teacher. They might know some of their school activities, but they might not know about the volunteer work they did at the local food bank over the summer. They may know about the ACT composite, but they might not know about the stronger SAT R, or the individual ACT English and Math subscores that UGA focuses on. They might know where they live, but they might not know about the personal challenges the student and/or family has overcome due to medical/financial/personal issues. You might know that they are strong in AP English, but you might not know that this has led to some amazing essays that show true voice and excellent writing skills. As such, you never know what you will get with an admissions application until to get to the heart of the file, and learn in great deal what each student is truly like. So please, dont judge other applicants by the outer shell that you know, and understand that there is more to them than just what you see from the outside. As Forrest Gump said, My Mama always said youve got to put the past behind you before you can move on. Decision time is tough, and you might not always get the answer you want, but the key is to move forward from this decision and focus on your future college experiences. Select a college that fits you best, and then do great there!

Essay about Why Does Social Work Appeal To Me - 1506 Words

Why does Social Work appeal to me? As a social worker you are responsible to uphold the community especially the disadvantaged either with guidance, psychological counseling and assistance with basics such as housing and places to obtain food. In buffalo much is needed especially in the disadvantaged communities by providing education and special services for those who need it. These are some of the reasons why I would love to become a social worker to obtain knowledge that would be helpful for individuals that need help with solving problems in their everyday lives. I am in interested in the aspects of Social Work that has to do with medical and public health issues and substance abuse. From my research medical/public health social†¦show more content†¦Help them cope with the stresses of school, work, and children by providing a group therapy that allows them to vent their frustrations and accomplishments as parents and students. I am seeking professional education at this time not only because I want to become a social worker to start helping individuals with everyday needs but also because my daughter is becoming aware of what I do; how I do it and I would like to show her that education is always the best in order to move forward in life, since it’s rewarding for all involved. I would like to teach her that even if we make mistakes in life, we are able to move forward by making life decisions such as continuing your education to improve yourself. Five years following education, I would love to work with changing the lives of many substance abuse or chronically ill individual. With the substance abuse individual I teach them skills that they are able to use every day in order to fight the temptations of the drug. Since we know that anything from a song, to the environment or friends that use can trigger a relapse we need to educate them of the importance that this can be a possibility and how to maintain themselves from these by either they t hemselves going out andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Social Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work By Jean Anyon1167 Words   |  5 PagesIn A Specific Social Classes Jean Ayon is a professor of educational policy, an American critical thinker, and a researcher in education. She works on race and class in urban education and is a social activist. In her article â€Å"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† she uses research from elementary schools that contrast in social class to try and understand if social class is the dictating factor that decides the future careers of children. Anyon examines the role of social class in educationRead MoreAnalysis1003 Words   |  5 Pagesintended audience. What I did to fix this is by explaining more about why I believed the organization of the author was effective. For example, I said â€Å"The organization of her writing allows her audiences to see the cause and effects peer culture has on the Muslim community. She is successful in educating the audience, and portraying her standpoint on the policies that are not being regulated†. This concluding sentence does say what and why the orga nization of the author’s writing was effective and whatRead MoreA Passion for the Planet Case Study1145 Words   |  5 PagesA Passion for the Planet Case Study 1. What role, if any, does McGregor’s Theory Y play at Patagonia? Explain. First, McGregor’s Theory Y is a modern and positive set of assumptions about people. McGregor believed managers could accomplish more through others by viewing them as self-energized , committed, responsible, and creative beings(Kreitner and Kinicki,2010, pg.8). According to the passage, â€Å"Patagonia’s philosophy is the handiwork of Chouinard....He helped pioneer modern rock-climbingRead MoreGenre Of A Motivational Athlete Tweet1334 Words   |  6 Pageshe ended up winning five championships with the Los Angeles Lakers and also go down as one of the best to ever play the game of basketball. This tweet really stands out to me. It motivates me; just because someone says that you can’t do something doesn’t mean that you can’t do it, if you put your mind to it and put in the work you can be as successful as you want. As stated before, this is a motivational athlete tweet, which is meant to target the audience of either young athletes or people who needRead MoreMy Role Models: A Personal Statement659 Words   |  3 PagesWhen my older brother told me that I could shadow him at work, I leapt at the opportunity. I have always admired Ken. He graduated from UCI with a degree in finance. I used to look up to him when I was younger, so it made sense that I would continue to look up to him now as I am seeking direction and good role models. My mentor, Ken has shown me what it is like to work in the financial sector in ways that school cannot do. The daily work of handling investment portfolios and financial strategizingRead MoreThe Topic Of Mental Health Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesPSAs is to spark a public discussion about mental health. Although both PSAs use the rhetorical appeal of mythos through their stereotypical portrayal of gender roles, Bring Change 2 Mind (BC2M) focuses on mental illness itself and primarily utilizes a pathos appeal whereas Mental Health Australia (MHA) highlights the individual as the initiator of t he conversation and emphasizes a more logical appeal. BC2M’s PSA features a college-aged, bespectacled female wearing a graphic T-shirt in what I wouldRead MoreWhy Don t We Complain By William F. Buckley976 Words   |  4 Pagesmaking these choices. Why does this become habitual? Is it because integrity is holding him back? These questions are always hard to answer, because no one really thinks about integrity, honesty, or the need to speak up. William Buckley and Stephanie Ericsson, however, do address these topics with a huge amount of thought and purpose. Buckley and Ericsson, under the thematic concept of ethics, have valid points concerning ethics within their rhetoric and style. In the essay â€Å"Why Don’t We ComplainRead MoreGender Roles, Hair, Relationship Problems1526 Words   |  7 Pagesearly 1900’s when â€Å"the position of women in our society was, in many respects, comparable to that of blacks under the pre-Civil War slave codes.† (Kang, 8, Quoted by Bradley in Bradwell, 62). My findings and realizations from personal experience made me aware that women are still subjected to many unfair expectations. We still, in our society place a lot of emphasis on gender and what is appropriate, or expected of each; though it is now subtle. We often unknowingly tell ourselves â€Å"its just how itRead MoreMother Tongue1199 Words   |  5 PagesShe tells us this mother’s brief review is a proof of success of her writing. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? She suggests answers to this question by her essay. In her essay, Amy Tan effectively convinces her readers that â€Å"broken English† is not an inferior language, but just a different style of English that has values in it by depicting her personal experiences and strong appeal to pathos. She makes her readers to have sympathetic emotions for her mother andRead MoreLeadership Analysis : President Of A Community Agency That Assists Traumatized Children And Their Families1692 Words   |  7 Pagescomposed of multiple, yet distinct parts â€Å"1. Charisma (idealized influence, attributes and behaviors) 2. Intellectual stimulation 3. Individual consideration and, 4. Inspirational motivation† (p. 18). In a study performed by Gellis (2001), 187 clinical social workers agreed that they preferred the style of transformational leadership, and the use of encouragement seen in the transformational style was cited as having a positive correlation with increased effort. Leader X uses the transformational leadership

The United States Visitor and Immigration Status...

The United States Visitor and Immigration Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) Program Introduction The United States Visitor and Immigration Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) program was introduced on January 5th, 2004 at all air and sea ports of the United States of America. This program, as outlined by the Department of Homeland Security, aims to increase the level of security in the U.S. while allowing it to remain a multicultural land with people from all parts of the world. Specifically, the US-VISIT programs goals are to:  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"Enhance the security of United States Citizens, permanent residents and visitors†[1]  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"Facilitate legitimate travel and trade†[1]  ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ensure the integrity of the immigration system†[1]†¦show more content†¦Because the program does not include all people entering and exiting the United States, there is an issue of discrimination based on ethnic or cultural background. Additionally, increased security and more invasive techniques for regulating travel have a potentially negative impact on the lives of people dependent on foreign travelers and the money they spend while visiting the United States. This paper begins by presenting the fact about the US-VISIT program, what led to it, how it is regulated, how people’s rights are protected, the technology involved, how the information is used, and the successes and failures of this and similar programs. The reader is then presented with the views and reactions of people and governments around the world. Using these facts and world viewpoints, an ethical analysis is then performed, which is then used to formulate a conclusion considered to be ethical. The Facts Background Information Many people within the government have long advocated the need for a better system to track visitors and their movements within the United States. In recent history there has been no easy way to identify known criminals and/or determine which individuals have overstayed their visas. â€Å"The General Accounting Office estimates the number of visa overstays at 2 million - and growing by 125,000 a year.†[9] However, because of growing public concern for privacy and the lack of a suitable technology, no successfulShow MoreRelatedRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid ) Technology Essay1938 Words   |  8 PagesRadio frequency identification (RFID) technology is used to electronically identify, track, and store information on a tag. Its main components are a tag, reader, and a database. It is used by all levels of government in various well-known areas, such as logistics support for the military and highway tolls. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the use of this technolo gy by the United States Federal government and some of its major agencies, including the Department of Homeland Security, the DepartmentRead MoreUs Customs and Border Protection7176 Words   |  29 Pagespng Logo of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection CBP Badge.jpg CBP officer badge Agency overview Formed March 1, 2003 Preceding agencies Some functions of the United States Department of Agriculture Immigration inspectors and the United States Border Patrol Functions of the United States Customs Service Employees 62,450+ (2016) Annual budget $13.56 billion (2016) Legal personality Governmental: Government agency Jurisdictional structure FederalRead MorePorter 5 Forces Analysis of Tourism in Dubai8687 Words   |  35 PagesEvents Cruises * 4. Key Performance Indicators WEF’s Tamp;T Competitiveness Report 2011 UAE ranked Regional rank –139 countries 30th 1st Destination Air transport – Government’s Marketing 4th support – 8thCampaign – 1st Rules amp; Affinity for Tamp;T Regulations – – 25th 38th * 5. Key Performance Indicators MasterCard Index of Global Destination Cities 2011 Growth of Dubai ranked 9th – International 132 cities International Visitors – 6th. Visitors. 7.9m 17.3% Growth of International RegionalRead MoreFeasibility Study for a Beach Resort16987 Words   |  68 PagesMindoro[4] Mindoro is also part of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway and serves as one of the links between Metro Manila and the southern Philippine islands through the roll-on, roll-off program of the government. This has boosted the tourism trade of the island because Mindoro is now a stopover for tourists wanting to visit the southern islands, Boracay and Palawan in particular. While Boracay and Palawan continue to enjoy the attention of foreign and local tourists, Mindoro is being rediscovered and againRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 PagesInformation Technology Economics Acquiring IT Applications and Infrastructure Security Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Movie Piracy Learning Objectives 17.1 Perspectives on IT Impacts 17.2 IT Is Eliminating the Barriers of Time, After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Space, and Distance Understand the changes that take place in the workplace and the lives of individuals when information technology eliminatesRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 PagesUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook Presented to Dr. Shahira El Alfy Prepared by: Mohamed Ibrahim Osama Mosher Ismail Ahmed El-Mohamady Hesham Mostafa Eslsca 36 – Global Management I. Cultural Analysis: Identification of the Emirates History: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of the seven emirates, which are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. They were united as a federalRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 PagesUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook Presented to Dr. Shahira El Alfy Prepared by: Mohamed Ibrahim Osama Mosher Ismail Ahmed El-Mohamady Hesham Mostafa Eslsca 36 – Global Management I. Cultural Analysis: Identification of the Emirates History: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of the seven emirates, which are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. They were united as a federalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesD421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban ParadigmRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesMachine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. 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Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution Free Essays

Running head: COMMUNICATION Communication University of Phoenix Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution SOC/110 Ken West Feb 17, 2010 Communication The way in which people communicate is as varied as the languages spoken throughout the world. People cannot just exchange a few words, there must be an understanding and acceptance of these variations or there will be a breakdown in the communication process. This is shown in the interactions between men and women, people of different cultures and even when exposed to a new environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Verbal communication is the form that is most easily recognized. People can hear and see this form of communication without even physically experiencing a part of the conversation. When a person is sitting in a room and two people outside of that room are speaking that person can hear them and in one’s mind imagine what that conversation looks like. This does not mean that verbal communication is the most used form. Nonverbal communication is used constantly. People use it to show their opinions on political matters, whether or not a particular restaurant sounds good or if the dress one’s wife is wearing makes her look fat. Nonverbal communication can go much further in expressing one’s needs, feeling, and wants to another person. If a person is taken to Germany and is ignorant to the German language that person would be able to obtain food, a place to sleep, and many of the other basic requirements needed to survive. Many of the expressions and gestures one can make are universal. If one points to their left wrist, one is asking the time. If one puts their hand to their mouth in a drinking or eating fashion, then those actions are conveyed to the other person. Examples of nonverbal messages which actually take the place of verbal messages are shaking a clenched fist, a look of disgust, shaking the head in disbelief, a look of contempt, rolling the eyes, a deep sigh and tone of voice. All of these can tell a person that he or she is incompetent, of low character, or can imply a threat† (Jones amp; Remland, 1993, 133) Although being taken to an environment in which one has no concept of the others language would be challenging it is nowhere close to the challenge of being locked in a room filled with those of the opposite sex. It is not fair to say that two people of the opposite sex could not understand each other because nothing is absolute. When a woman wants to talk with a man about her problems and issues, she wants to share with him and in turn have him share with her. â€Å"When a man hears a woman wanting to talk to him about her problems and issues he assumes that she is requesting his advice and would like a solution† (Tannen, 1991, p. 96). In fact, the woman is wanting to draw closer to the man open up and share her intimate secrets, he just thinking of a quick fix and what time is dinner going to be ready. A practice is to be aware of other cultures and their ways of communication whenever possible. In Arab countries, for example, the handshakes are not as firm as in the United States or Europe and although Americans usually will just shake hands at the first meeting, Arabs will shake hands every time they meet a person and leave that person. â€Å"Touching, long handshakes, grasped elbows, even walking hand in hand by two males is common place in the Arab world. A considerable number of Arabs touch more between the same sex, to show liking–not sex. They hold hands, hug each other, kiss if close friends. As Arab customs and behavior condones the outward display of affection between male friends, one may see Arab men, even officials and military officers, holding hands as they walk together or otherwise converse with one another† (Nydell, 2005, p. 112). Were someone to act in this way toward a man here in the United States he would probably not enjoy the reaction. This is why when dealing with people from other cultures one needs to be aware of their beliefs and customs and not jump to conclusions immediately based-off their actions. The United States is a wonderful place to experience diverse communication because there are so many cultures living so close together. The ability to immerse ourselves in the cultures that thrive in America is ours to take. Learning from them and growing one’s knowledge of how the world communicates is an essential part of ones evolution in this big world that grows smaller every day. Learning the verbal and nonverbal way that people communicate in one’s environment is the key to one’s success. When one faces the challenges that the opposite sex can present to each other, and learn to communicate effectively with one another one can begin to see the world from a different perspective. This different perspective can oftentimes be a better way of viewing things then the same old way that has always been used. In the same respect gaining an appreciation and understanding of the way other cultures communicate can give one another tool to use when tackling problems. Sometimes good old American ingenuity might not be the answer. Being able to understand another culture may bring in fresh ideas that have never been implemented before. References Jones, T. S. , amp; Remland, M. S. (1993, January 1). NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT ESCALATION: AN ATTRIBUTION-BASED MODEL. International Journal of Conflict Management, 4(2), 119-137. Nydell, M. K. (2005). Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times (4th ed. ). Boston, MA: Intercultural Press. Tannen, D. (1991). You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (1st ed. ). New York: Ballantine Books. How to cite Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution, Papers

Journal Of Economic And Management Sciences â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Economic And Management Sciences? Answer: Introduction: Organization is accompanied with the complex set of activities in which various functions are performed with a view to achieve certain level of goals and objective. There are several financial tools such as ratio analysis, capital budgeting tools, NPV IRR, profitability analysis. These tools are used by investors or companies to evaluate the best suitable investment option which could be undertaken by organization to make effective use of resources in organization. It is observed that Net present value and IRR are the most suitable financial tools to select the most profitable project in the given options. It is evaluated that if companies could use these capital budgeting tools in effective manner then it will increase the overall investment value. (Zimmerman and Yahya-Zadeh, 2011). Ideally, these capital budgeting tools are used by organization when long term investment decisions are made. For instance, when Company ABC wants to invest AUD $ 1, 00,000 in particular project. Company is having 5 project options to invest its capital. In this case, project giving higher NPV and IRR will be accepted by the organization. It is considered that Net present value not only reflects the higher cash outflow but also showcases the present value of the investment or present value of cash inflow and outflow of business which it will have in future. This level of financial tools could be useful to create best value on the invested capital (Bier man and Smidt, 2012). It is evaluated that corporate decision are the key pillar for the success of organization. Investment in the particular project options may result to destruction of business if these are not taken in proper specific manner (Bennouna, et al. 2010).Financial tools such as ratio analysis, capital budgeting tools, NPV IRR, profitability analysis provide deep understanding on the associated financial factors of business. This will increase the overall project effectiveness and business and investment decisions (Gervais, Heaton and Odean, 2011). In this report, sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis and other capital budgeting tools have been depicted (African firms, 2013). Sensitivity analysis: Sensitivity analysis is a tool which provides clear view points on the variable factors on the particular investment decisions while selecting project in organization. It provides diversified value of free variables which would affect a specific variable on the basis of various assumptions and factors. However, with the ramified changes in economic factors, this Sensitivity analysis is also known as what if analysis. This analysis provides idea about what would be the changes in the cash flow of business if particular variable factors are not stable. With the help of this analysis, company could identify the particular changing factors and evaluate the changes which would occur in the selected project (Godfray, et al. 2010). For instance, If Company ABC wants to invest AUD $ 1, 00,000 in particular project. Company is having 5 project options to invest its capital in market. After implementing IRR and NPR, it is evaluated that company is having AUD$ 1, 20,000 cash inflow after five y ears (Shim, Siegel and Shim, 2011). With the help of Sensitivity analysis, investors could reconsider cost of capital based on the market inflation rate, purchasing power of economy and other associated economic factors. After sensitivity analysis, company could easily identify the changes in overall cost of capital and its impact on the inflow and outflow of business (Bierman and Smidt, 2012). Sensitivity analysis is used by the companies around the globe to identify the particular investment options and associated changing market factors that could influence companys inflow and outflow (Wright, et al. 2010). With the help of this analysis, company could gauge the possible changes in its cash inflow and outflow of business if market factors and economic factors would change. Changes in market factors will mostly affect the cost of capital of organization. This cost of capital helps organization to determine the present value of the invested amount in business. This could be determined with the example that if particular project is having 5 years life and cost of capital 10%. If due to changes in inflation rate cost of capital is also changed to 12% then it will decrease the overall cash inflow of business and net present value of the business (Bennouna, Meredith and Marchant, 2010). Therefore, it could be inferred that if market and economic factors are changed then it will also impact the investment proposal and selected project options. Net present value provides the difference between present value of cash inflow and present value of cash outflow in the business. It is considered that if there are changes in associated factors of business then it will change the amount of net present value at large (Zimmerman and Yahya-Zadeh, 2011). After evaluating all the factors and calculations of projects, below graphs could be used to showcase the changes in net present value after implementing sensitivity analysis (Adair, 2011). Sensitivity analysis is the main major tools which could be used to evaluate the associated risk and undertaking factors. This analysis is most useful when there is high fluctuation in the market (Fortson, 2011). Scenario analysis: It is considered that sensitivity analysis is used to analysis the associated risk and marketing changing factors but due to its cumbersome process it has some limitations. Sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the factors and affecting factors which could emerge due to the changes in more than one factors of market. This analysis helps investors to evaluate the possible changes in investment project and its associated factors which may result to changes in the cost of capital and cash inflow and outflow (Adair, 2011). Scenario analysis is implemented to identify the possibilities of project viabilities. It is considered that project is measured on the basis of present factors. On the other hand, Scenario analysis is implemented to evaluate all the possible changes and fluctuation in market and economic factors for the viability of project. In these Scenario analysis investors has to take assumption of three scenarios such as base, average and worst case (Garrison, Noreen, Brewer and McGowan, 2010). These all three case of the company is based on various factors such as exchange rate, yield, transportation, economic growth rate, purchasing power and employment rate of country (Garrison, et al. 2010). Factors affecting project investment Normal case Best case Worst case Yield - + 25% - 24% Exchange rate - +10% - 8% Transportation cost - -15% +25% Marketing cost - -8% +23% Sales cost - + 5 % - 15% Sales price 1.03 1.05 1.00 Cash inflow 10 % 19 % 3% NPV 1 2.5 -2.3 (Burns and Walker, 2015). These three scenario events best, normal, worse could be considered by organization to make investment decisions in determined approach. Break even analysis: Break even analysis is used by organization to determine the points at which company could sell its products and service at no profit no loss. It is point at which company would have no profit no loss and sells its product at breakeven point. Ideally this break even analysis is used by company to create core competency in cost leadership in market (Shim, Siegel and Shim, 2011). These points provide idea to company to sell its products and services at which it could cover all its variable expenses. This analysis is used to eliminate the competition for the market by selling products at break even. Companies could find this point by implementing proper graphical view points and computing its fixed and variable expenses (Grant, 2016). A ratio analysis, capital budgeting tools, NPV IRR, profitability analysis will helps investors to determine which project options will offer higher profit and value creation on their investment. Now in the end, it could be inferred that use of sensitivity analysis and scenarios analysis will increase the effectiveness of NPV, IRR and other capital budgeting tools while selecting particular project. References: Adair, T., 2011. Corporate Finance Demystified 2/E. McGraw Hill Professional. Bennouna, K., Meredith, G.G. and Marchant, T., 2010. Improved capital budgeting decision making: evidence from Canada. Management decision, 48(2), pp.225-247. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012. The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Bodie, Z., 2013. Investments. McGraw-Hill. Burns, R. and Walker, J., 2015. Capital budgeting surveys: the future is now. Fortson, J.G., 2011. Mortality risk and human capital investment: The Impact of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(1), pp.1-15. Garrison, R.H., Noreen, E.W., Brewer, P.C. and McGowan, A., 2010. Managerial accounting. Issues in Accounting Education, 25(4), pp.792-793. Gervais, S., Heaton, J.B. and Odean, T., 2011. Overconfidence, compensation contracts, and capital budgeting. The Journal of Finance, 66(5), pp.1735-1777. Godfray, H.C.J., Beddington, J.R., Crute, I.R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J.F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S.M. and Toulmin, C., 2010. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. science, 327(5967), pp.812-818. Grant, R.M., 2016. Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Hall, J. and Millard, S., 2010. Capital budgeting practices used by selected listed South African firms, 2013. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 13(1), pp.85-97. Shim, J.K., Siegel, J.G. and Shim, A.I., 2011. Budgeting basics and beyond (Vol. 574). John Wiley Sons. Wright, M.M., Daugaard, D.E., Satrio, J.A. and Brown, R.C., 2010. Techno-economic analysis of biomass fast pyrolysis to transportation fuels. Fuel, 89, pp.S2-S10. Zimmerman, J.L. and Yahya-Zadeh, M., 2011. Accounting for decision making and control. Issues in Accounting Education, 26(1), pp.258-25

Gates Essays - Big History, Bill Gates, , Term Papers

Gates Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft in 1975 and served as its Chief Executive Officer form the time the original partnership was incorporated in 1981 until January 2000. Then he resigned as Chief Executive Officer and took on the position of Chief Software Architect. Mr. Gates has served as Chairman of the Board since the companys incorporation. Bill Gates is recognized as the youngest self-made billionaire in history. His windows operating system, runs the vast majority of personal computers throughout the United States. It is obvious that it takes a certain type of person to successfully create and maintain such a profitable organization. However, when closely examined, Gates leadership characteristics are somewhat surprising. The way in which he directs his corporation is unique, and yet, still extremely prosperous. For a man to dropout of a prestigious university such as Harvard in chase of his dream, one must be devout in his pursuit. Gates has always believed in his goal and has never stopped striving for perfection. This sort of aim for fulfillment has a tendency to rub-off on others closely tied to Gates. In fact, others have cited this charismatic leadership as a major key to Microsofts success. Microsofts success depends on dedicated workers who have enormous faith in a charismatic leader, claims Scott Winkler, an analyst at Gartner Group: Bill tells them to do something and they do it. They believe in him. Hes never let them down in the past. The corporate culture is that Bills always right. Gates recognizes the need to have others, as well as he, focus on the groups vision and he realizes that it is the leaders responsibility to inspire his subordinates by leading by example. Charismatic leaders understand that they alone cannot make the vision a reality; they need their followers help and support to create organizational or societal changes. Gates definitely sought the support and wisdom of others when in the process of building the company. He worked hands on with his fellow employees, identifying and correcting problems with software and continually setting and reaching long-term goals. The primary influence process is personal identification, which is influence derived from a followers desire to please and imitate the leader. Charismatic leaders appear so extraordinary, due to their strategic insight, strong convictions, self-confidence, unconventional behavior and dynamic energy, that the subordinates idolize these leaders and want to become like them. Perhaps the most extreme example of this is within the Microsoft camp were the so-called Bill Clones, extremely brilliant, young, and recent college graduates, who were hired as managers. So strong was the admiration of Gates that these young men began to emulate their leader in almost every way. Jeff Raikes soon had the patented Gates mannerisms down pat. Raikes was quickly named Clone Number One in Microsoft circles. A Stanford MBA, Raikes had migrated from Cupertino, where he had headed up the software effort on the ill-fated Apple III and had gained a reputation as a firefighter for taking on tough software assi gnments. Gates uses extraordinary discretion when hiring applicants to work for Microsoft. He wants to ensure that every single person shares the same prospectus for the corporation, yet in their own way, have personal beliefs that they are willing to stubbornly stick to. His aim is not to create clones within the organization, but to stockpile it with as much imaginative genius has possible. It is only a credit to his charismatic qualities that such extremely bright people wish to emulate Gates in every way. Bill Gates is moody, and he is the first to admit it. Gates temperament can sometimes cause him to be an inefficient leader, especially when it affects his listening. One of Gates administrative assistants, Estelle Mathers, had this to say about the CEOs personality. Bill is moody. He told somebody once that one of the things he loved so much about me was that I knew when to leave him alone. If you tended to interrupt him at a bad time, you could get hurt. However, it is also important t o note that Gates expected the same sort of tenacity from his colleagues. Mathers goes on to add, He liked it when you stood up to him. I remember banging

Hammurabis Code essays

Hammurabi's Code essays The Code of Hammurabi was issued and imposed (Polushin 15) by an able and ambitious king(Polushin 15), Hammurabi, who ruled the city-states of Mesopotamia. The code of Hammurabi was originally made of 282 rules/articles however several are known to have been erased by later rulers and conquerors. The knowledge of King Hammurabi's code has survived because of its discovery in 1901 by a French archeologist. The nature of codes go back to the dawn of history and involve such subject matter as property, social status, punishments, and domestic issues. It reveals a glimpse into how these ancient people governed themselves and how their society was socially stratified. After reading the text of the Code of Hammurabi supplied by Polushin I am led to seek my own analysis to the societys attitude towards slaves in situations of intent and neglect. In certain cases the slave is seen as a very important element to the society and then in contrast later observed as expendable. In the Code of Hammurabi articles fifteen through twenty refer specifically to runaway slaves and consequential treatment of surrounding them in several cases. These articles supply rulings for cases that led to the conclusion that slaves were considered valuable property and if this property is taken away from the owner by any means would result in death. For example article fifteen states that If a man has induced either a male or female slave from a house of a patrician, or plebian, to leave the city, he shall be put to death. It is apparent that even during the times of Hammurabi brave Harriet Tubmans were not welcomed. What is even more radical is one could face the death sentence if it becomes known that there is a runaway slave hiding in your house. This can be noted in article sixteen: If a man has induced either a male or female slave form the house of a patricians, or plebeians house, and ...

Content analysis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Content analysis - Dissertation Example The systematic element means the proper procedures should be followed in selecting a data sample that provides an equal opportunity for each item of the wider content to be included in the analysis. Simultaneously, each item under consideration should be treated the same. Meanwhile, the objective description means that future researchers should be able to utilize the outcomes of the research easily in their study. Finally, the quantitative requirement means the researcher should take great care in his/her reporting to facilitate further usage of his/her analysis, interpretation and findings (Wimmer & Dominick, 1983). Content analysis is associated with the core content that, as explained by Patterson (1984), refers to what is written or said, but not to what is stated between the lines. Thus, the conceptual structure for the content analysis should incorporate the following elements: 1. Data as provided to the researcher 2. Data context 3. The knowledge of the researcher constructs h is/her perception , 4. The objective of the content analysis 5. Interpretation of the data as the prime intellectual task 6. Validity considered as the significant evaluation factor (Krippendorff, 1980). Keeping this under consideration, the structure of this investigation will serve analytical, methodological and perspective purposes. In order to acquire the perspective to support conceptualisation, it important to present the framework of the practical content analysis for the two selected leading Saudi newspapers, Alriyadh and Alyoum, during the events that occurred in Bahrain between February 14 and March 16, 2011. The framework of this study is analytical in that it aids the critical evaluation of the findings of the content analysis as acquired through the researcher’s interpretation. Furthermore, the framework of this study is also methodological, as it controls the development and the systematic improvement of the content analysis method employed in this study and dis cussed later. Consideration of the definitions, the requirements of the content analysis and the framework presented above provided an effective method of evaluating the content of Alriyadh and Alyoum, and provided reliability and validity to this study. The evidence, in accordance with the framework, for the application of the interpretation of the content analysis is provided with the help of data sampling, categories of the research and their measurement. This is discussed later in this chapter. For interpreting the inferences and tasks of the Krippendorff model accurately, it is important to consider the context of the data available. Therefore, the objective here is what the researcher wants to investigate (Krippendorff, 1980). For instance, in this study, an uncertain objective might be the political handling of the issue in Bahrain by the Saudi Arabian government, or more specifically, the relationship between the Saudi Arabian government and the Bahrain and Saudi pressâ€⠀particularly Alriyadh and Alyoum—at the time of the Bahrain protests. 1.2. Data Sampling The data sample for the content analysis of the printed press in Saudi Arabia has been extracted from the two leading daily newspapers, Alriyadh and Alyoum. These have been selected because of their large circulation and geographical dissemination. Alriyadh is distributed in the capital city of Riyadh, which is also the political hub of the

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Case Essay

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Case - Essay Example This required a just compensation be paid out. The court agreed, finding that Lucas parcels were valueless and entered a reward of over $1.2 million. In reversing the ruling, the State Supreme Court bound itself by finding that Lucas failed to attack the validity of the Act. It found that if a regulations design aimed at preventing noxious or harmful use of property, there was no compensation required regardless of the effect of the regulation on the value of the property. A taking is constitutive of all regulations that deprive the land owner of all uses of his land that are economically beneficial (Echeverria & Ebby, 2009). This is unless the interests of proscribed use are missing from the title. The decree or law should only duplicate the result achievable in a court under the nuisance law. Analysis of total takings needs consideration of the following: Stevens J. dissented to the ruling by attacking the categorical rule as made by the court. According to him, the rule was an unwise and unsound addition to the undertakings law (Echeverria & Ebby, 2009). The court, in past rulings, had rejected any formulas that were absolute in the determination of takings and had in previous rulings frequently held a law which rendered valueless property as not constituting a taking. Blackmun J. also dissented. He claimed that the court’s granting of certiorari to this case’s hearing was unnecessary as it ignored its limits of jurisdiction. It created an exception and a categorical rule anew simultaneously. The owner would not have undergone a total loss since he could still enjoy other ownership attributes like exclusive rights to camping, swimming, and picnicking. Cities can take private property and put them up for development privately. This is the eminent domain, whose basis is that a sovereign state possesses dominion over all property within the borders it administers. In the year 2005, Kelo vs. the City of New London came before the U.S. Supreme Court.

The Adventure In The Context Of Tourism Tourism Essay

The Adventure In The Context Of Tourism Tourism Essay Adventure Tourism has known a rapid popularity during these last past decades. This rise and sudden popularity was partially thanks to a progression in the commercialization of outdoor recreation (Buckley, 2000, 2004a; Travel Industry Association, 2005) in (Buckley, 2007). Adventure travel existed since a long time; it began with early settler and has amplified increasingly since this period. The first adventure travelers were early explorers in quest of discovery, in the hunt for new resources, lands and looking for unknown places. Columbus, Cook, Da Gama, Magellan and Raleigh are among the well known early explorers in quest of adventure (Swarbrooke et al, 2003: 41). Mercenaries were also characterized as early adventurers having as main interest money, risk seeking while some others like Pilgrims were looking for spiritual knowledge (Swarbrooke et al, 2003). Adventure tourism is currently receiving a lot of attention and is the fastest and fashionable growing sector of the tourism industry. It is perceived as being a niche segment and take in land, air and sea-based activities. Adventure travel is becoming well-liked and individuals are now striving to find equilibrium between work and leisure. Adventure travel has recently created a center of attention for the older people most precisely the baby boomers (Patterson and Pan, 2007). This new cohort born between 1946 and 1964 are getting engaged in new adventure activities. This tendency is principally due to a change in lifestyle, being financially secured than previous cohorts and having more time now that their children have left home. Baby boomers are pushed and pulled by different motives to engage in Adventure tourism. One can have the wish for new experiences, escape from the daily routine, baby boomers in todays world no longer want to sit in a bus going for sightseeing they want t o experience in the activity. Baby boomers can be soft adventurers in pursuit of easy-doing activities containing low level of risk like bird watching, horse riding or hard adventurers in quest of thrills, challenge and adrenaline. Therefore, to better exploit the subject, research has been undertaken to explore and analyze what really motivate this generation to engage in adventure tourism, identify the different motivational factors, the types of activities they are more likely to participate in and their profile characteristics. Lot of research has been done on Adventure Tourism (Vester, 1987; Hill, 1995; Sung, 1997, 2000, 2004; Ewert and Jamieson, 2003; Beedie and Hudson, 2003; Gyimothy and Mykletun, 2004; Kane and Tucker, 2004; Weir, 2004; Flucker, 2005; Williams and Soutar, 2005; Cater, 2006; Page et al, 2006; Buckley, 2000, 2006, 2007; Patterson and Pan, 2007; Schott, 2007; Dimmock, 2009; Reynolds, 2012). Moreover there are some books of particular relevance to adventure tourism. These include Miles and Priest (1999) on adventure programming in outdoor recreation; Swarbrooke et al, 2003 on Adventure Tourism: The new frontier; Buckley (2006) on the structure of adventure tourism products and Patterson (20 06) on Growing older, tourism and leisure behavior of older adults. 1.1. Problem Statement Several studies have been written on adventure tourism, however no other studies apart from Patterson and Pan (2007) has been found on the motivation of baby boomers in adventure tourism. Most of the existing studies focus on adventure tourism from a general point of view (Vester, 1987; Buckley, 2006; Whiriskey and McCarthy, 2006) or look at different perspective such as Mountaineering and Adventure Tourism (Beedie and Hudson, 2003; Pomfret, 2006). Though, there is relatively little research neither on the motivation of people to engage in adventure nor on baby boomers. Ewert and Hollenhorst (1989) focused on adventure travel and its wilderness. Sung, Morrison and OLeary (2004) investigate on the segmentation of adventure market by activities while Dimmock (2009) explored on the comfort in adventure and Reynolds (2012) studied on the motivation and lifestyle of surfing as an adventure travel. Thus adventure tourism has been studied but through diverse perspectives and none apart from Patterson and Pan (2006) has focused on the motivation of Baby Boomers in Adventure. Subsequently to compensate this gap, this research will go deeper to assess those motivations that indulge baby boomers to participate in adventure tourism. 1.2. Aim and Objectives Aim The main aim of this study is to assess what motivate baby boomers to engage in adventure tourism. Objectives Assess the socio-demographic characteristics of baby boomers. To evaluate the trip arrangement factors of baby boomers To differentiate between hard and soft adventure and identify in which type of adventure activities baby boomers are more engaged in. Examine the push and pull factors that influence baby boomers in their choice. Outline of Study This study consists of five sections: the introduction, the literature review, methodology, results and discussion and conclusion and possible recommendations. Chapter 1: The study starts with a brief description on the field of research. This includes an introduction on the expansion of the tourism industry, the emergence of adventure tourism in todays world. It also includes the problem statement, aims and objectives of the research. Chapter 2: The literature review is divided into two parts which is chapter 2 and chapter 3. Chapter 2 is the first part of the literature review. This entails the theoretical background; starting with brief definition of different terms namely adventure Tourism, baby boomers, the types of adventure tourism. Chapter 3: The second part of the literature review lays great emphasis on the motivational theories; this chapter goes deeper onto the different motives that influence individuals in their choice for adventure. Chapter 4: This comprises of the methodology, this explains how research was conducted, the questionnaire design, method used to collect the data, sampling techniques, the data analysis and limitations of the study. Chapter5: This includes the results and discussions of the results Chapter 6: The last chapter reviews all of what have been discussed in the research and ends with some possible recommendations Chapter 2 2.0. Introduction This chapter consists of the literature review; the literature review sets the theoretical framework of this study. Before coming to the definition of adventure tourism, the term adventure is first explained, entailing its core characteristics. This is followed by an explanation on the term adventure tourism and baby boomers, types of adventure tourism as well as a the different types of activities involved in adventure tourism. 2.1. Adventure Adventure is all about action (Kane and Tucker, 2004). The term Adventure does not have a single definition. Adventure could mean different things to different people. What is Adventure for one can be routine for another (Weir, 2004). It varies from a vacation experience to a daily work life of an individual. In order to better understand the term adventure, it is crucial to pass on to its core characteristics; this is demonstrated in the figure below. Figure 1: The core characteristics of Adventure Source: Swarbrooke et al. (2003) These characteristics effectively go over the main points of adventure. Swarbrooke et al. (2003) affirm that these characteristics are mutually dependent since one element can develop the stimuli of another. For instance, novelty may lead to new exploration and discovery, escape from daily life, a look for challenge, danger and risk and develop contrasting emotions. 2.3. Adventure in the context of Tourism Tourists in todays world are not the same as it was in previous years. In this day and age, tourists are desperately in pursuing momentous and unique experiences. They want active rather than passive participation, seek new sensation and change from their ordinary life (Moeran, 1983:17). Adventure tourism is the new emergent and niche sector of the tourism industry. This sector count up 15% of all leisure travel and this rate is going to enlarge in the coming future (Hawkins, 1994; Loverseed, 1997; Fluker and Turner, 2000). Researchers has defined adventure tourism through diverse interpretation (Buckley, 2000; Bentley and Page, 2001; Hudson, 2002; Swarbrooke et al. 2003; Page et al. 2005). Amodeo (2004: 84) define adventure tourism as travel to places that require a certain degree of effort and commitment to get and are about the experience and the journey rather than just a list of places visited or the level of luxury. On the contrary, Muller and Cleaver (2000, p.156) define adventure tourism as physically bracing, adrenalin-driven, somewhat risky, with moments of exhilaration punctuated by many opportunities to assess and reassess what has been done or accomplished. As compared to Amodeo (2004), Muller and Cleaver (2000) definition of the term is mostly inter-related to the two constructs of perceived risk and perceived performance, where high physical ability and risk sensation is mended for it to be extreme and dynamic. Nevertheless, Weir (2004) argue that Adventure do not necessarily contain high level of danger, since there exist adventure with no element of risk or hazard. In the tourism industry, this is normally termed as soft adventure. On the contrary of the definition provided by the researchers, Swarbrooke et al (2003) state that Adventure tourism is not defined according to specific activities that are undertaken, but more by the state of mind and approach of the participant. This means that it is the personal interpretation and perception of individuals towards Adventure that will more clearly define the term. Six major dimensions of adventure tourism have been developed by Sung, Morrison and OLeary (1997) and these are namely activity, experience, environment, motivation, risk and performance. These components can be seen as major essentials for people to go for adventure travel. The activity and environment will consist of the physical location of the adventure travel, and this can be the natural environment. The experience will be the outcome to gain at the end, this can be self-achievement. Moreover, the motivation is all about the interest of the individual and endeavors to engage in adventure while risk and performance is a look for challenge and competence to do the activity. Adventure tourism takes in a range of activities and this includes air, sea and land-based activities (Hall, 1992; Fennel, 1999; Page et al. 2003; Pomfret, 2004; Gajda, 2008).This is illustrated in table 1. Table 1: Conventional and contemporary adventure tourism activities Land based Water based Air based Mixed (land/water/air) Abseiling Body boarding Ballooning Adventure racing Backpacking Canoeing Bungee jumping Charity challenges Bicycle Canyoning Cliff jumping Conservation expeditions Caving Cruise expeditions Gliding Cultural experiences Climbing Kayaking Hang-gliding Gap your travel Dog sledding Sailing Micro-lighting Hedonistic experiences Hiking Scuba diving Paragliding Spiritual enlightenment Hunting Snorkeling Parachuting Wildlife watching Horseback riding Surfing Skydiving Jungle exploring Water skiing Motorcycling White water rafting Mountain biking Wind surfing Mountaineering Orienteering Quad biking Scrambling Skiing Snow boarding Snow mobiling Snow shoeing Via Ferrata* Wilderness experiences* â‚ ¬Ã‚ ªBackpacking, climbing, hiking, mountaineering, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness experiences are all mountaineering-related activities Sources: Hall 1992, Page et al. 2003, Pomfret 2004 2.4. Types of Adventure Tourism Adventure tourism is composed of diverse types of activities which can fit to the need of different adventure traveler (CBI, 2011). Types of Adventure tourism can be categorized in two section which is hard and soft Adventure. The categorization of the Adventure tourism aspects diverge between researchers (Hill, 1995; Cloke and Perkins, 1998; Sung, Morrison and OLeary, 2000; Ewert and Jamieson, 2003; Ryan and Trauer, 2004) in (Schott, 2007). For example, Sung, Morrison and OLeary (2000) categorized the types of activities into six groupings including soft nature, risk equipped, question marks, hard challenge, rugged nature and winter snow (Beedie and Hudson, 2003). Several studieswere categorized in terms of activities and principally between hard and soft adventure and the researchers study will follow this trend (Hill, 1995; Millington and Locke, 2001; Ewert and Jamieson, 2003:69; Miller, 2003:2; Adventure Travel Society, 2003; Patterson and Pan, 2007). Table 2 present some example s of soft and hard adventure tourism. Table 2: Examples of soft and hard adventure tourism Soft adventure Hard adventure Wilderness jeep safaris Climbing and mountaineering Supervised and escorted trekking Long distance back country trekking Cycling holidays Downhill mountain biking Sailing holidays Paragliding Learning to surf and to windsurf Heli-skiing holidays Camping Canoeing and kayaking Source: Sung et al. 2000 2.4.1. Soft Adventure Soft adventure can be defined as adventure activities that require low level of risk, low physical effort and obligation. These are activities usually undertaken by novice adventurers or people who want passive activities level, accompanied with experienced guides (Hill, 1995) in (Schott, 2007). On the other hand, Goodnow (2005) described Soft adventure journeys as travel to new and exotic locations with low force activities. Some major examples of soft adventure activities are horse-riding, biking, hiking, canoeing, snorkeling, and animal watching, walking in natural areas, safari (Beedie and Hudson, 2003; Swarbrooke et al, 2003; Williams and Soutar, 2005; Patterson and Pan, 2006; CBI, 2011) Generally, novice adventures engaged in soft activities due to the fact that they lack some experience, it can be misperceiving risk and their competence and perhaps choose soft activities because of a sensation of fear and hesitant and thus want to be on safe in a secured environment (Priest, 1999, p.160, cited in Miles and Priest; Pomfret, 2004). 2.4.2 Hard Adventure Hill (1995) labeled hard adventure as activities requiring high level of risk, extreme commitment and superior and sometimes specialized skills. Hill also point out that hard adventures necessitate good skills in risky and dangerous situations. Risk and competence are two major aspects involve in hard adventure activities. Those engage in hard adventure are generally in quest of challenge, adrenaline rush and risk(Peterson, 1989; Rubin, 1989; Mallett, 1992) in (Williams and Soutar, 2005). People have a desire to seek new sensations (Zuckerman, 1979), and are motivated by challenge and mastery (Ewert, 1985). These people are commonly known to be brave, skilled and having good physical intensity (Pomfret, 2004) Some examples of hard activities are mountain climbing, bungee jumping, canyoning, caving, ballooning, parasailing, surfing and so forth. 2.5. Baby Boomers Baby boomers can be defined as a cohort of young-old people who were born between 1946 and 1964. They are now aged between 48 and 66 years old in 2012, (Gillon, 2004) in (Patterson, 2006, p.15). The history of baby boomers dated from the period of the Second World War. Baby Boomer develops its name due to a growth in birthrate during the years 1946 and 1964  [1]  . During this century, soldiers came back home from war and wanted to start a new life, build up a family, which show this sudden rise in birthrate (Ohio History Central, 2005). Statistics recorded 79 million births during this period1 Another synonym for baby boomers can be Lucky Generation (Mackay, 1997, p.60) in (Hamilton, M and Hamilton, C., 2006). The term Lucky was used to describe them because they have grown up in the first generation enjoying a reasonably prosperous and serene society. Additionally, Hamilton (2006) point out that during retirement baby boomers will definitely have more money to spend after long years of hardworking and savings from pension plans. Baby boomers enjoy a better health than in the past; they are taking special care to their diet, though living longer and happier and more importantly being physically active by engaging in various types of leisure activities (Cochran, 2005; Sperazza and Banerjee, 2011). Baby boomers are seeking new change and novelty; they no longer want to rely on repeat leisure program like bingo party, voluntary actions or mere leisure interests. These activities are getting outdated and this is not going to be in the interest of the baby boomers in retirement. As a result, Experts will definitely have to look at new leisure products, or programs that will attractenthusiastic, energetic participants rather than passive participant (Cochran, Rothschadl and Rudick, 2009). 2.6. Adventure Tourism and Baby Boomers Adventure Tourism has become very popular during these last past decades. Adventure Tourism is considered as an alternative form of tourism. In todays world, people no longer want to enjoy basic activities; they want to surpass the mass activities, being deeply in the thrill and excitement of the adventures. The aging process has also altered intensely during these past years. According to Xola Adventure (2006), old people aged between 41-to-60 years old represent the greatest participating age category in adventure travel at a rate of 42.2 percent. This has emerged and is going to develop more in the future. When talking and thinking about aging process our first impression was an inexorable slide into illness, impotence and immobility (Kraus, 2001). Nowadays, this image of the baby boomers is no more present. Patterson (2006) also shares his opinion on this change. She argues that this is a time of new experiences and feelings. Baby boomers need to feel they are free to do what they want or what they have always dreamed of and which were not fulfilled years before (MacNeil and Teague, 1987; Leitner, 1996; McGuire et al., 2004). Adventure is not reserve for younger people, nowadays lots of people aged between 42 and 64 are being engaged in adventurous activities. Gone are those days where older people used to spend their leisure time in sedentary and socially based activities like watching movies, listening to the radio (Lawton, 1993) in (Patterson, 2006: 7). Research has demonstrate that we are moving through an era where things are changing, habits of older people from previous generation differs from that of the present generation. Baby boomers see their retirement as being the time to refresh, experience novelty and new sensation. They acquire a feeling of freedom and harmony, do what they want, things that was impossible for them to accomplish perhaps due to overload of work, looking and caring for their children (MacNeil and Teague, 1987; Leitner 1996; McGuire et al., 2004). Being more financially secure, in good health and physical condition, and also well-educated encourage baby boomers to engage in outdoor recreation activities. This enables them to feel at one with nature, physically fit and more importantly a way to feel they are still young. Lipscombe (1995) in his research find out that lots of older adults are at present requesting activities that engage physical defy, not purposely danger but travel that have at least journeys, intellectual challenge, and involving the exploration of new places and cultures (Gibson and Singleton, 2012). It is to be noted that baby boomers are not seeking for simple and easy-done activity; they are looking for a certain degree of challenge and risk. They want to have fun, seek thrill, these can be a principle motive because they were too focus on their career years before, striving hard to cater for the needs of the family. All this was such a big responsibility that they now want to relax and enjoy, do something for themselves while children had grown up and get away in the routine they had imprisoned themselves for years. Chris Doyle, vice president of ATTA point out from an interview with Airoldi (2008) that the50-plus traveler is a major market for adventure sector; especially because they are among those who travel more frequently since they have the financial ability to do so. Muller and OCass (2001) explore the different motive of older men and women in engaging in adventure activities. He note down that young at heart older men were more interested to take part in activities such as white-water rafting, glacier hiking, rock climbing, caving and hot air-ballooning. On the contrary to the young at heart older men, the young at heart older women has a preference for mountain hiking, rainwater treks, bird-watching and walking for inner journeys while being on travel holiday. It is then observed that men prefer hard adventure activity as compared to women who enjoyed generally soft ones. A Marketing to women report (2000) sustain such statement by arguing that women aged between 55 and 75 are more likely to engage in soft activities like safaris, hikes and trips to striking locations. They further point out to favor being in a secure environment with professional adventure providers, and with company of others having similar ages. Adventure can be classified in certain words, Play, Freedom and Reality (Kane and Tucker, 2004). The authors basically described adventure as a game played by participants in tourism; being free to engage in any particular activities and experiencing the reality of it. Moreover Kane and Tucker interpret the term play, as being a game for the adults, reliving their childhood and though enjoying this freedom to play like a child again. Hence, this fresh cohort of retirees is hungry to get off the beaten path (Symonds, 1998). 2.7. Summary From this chapter, the researcher has been able to gain a theoretical knowledge of the basic theories on adventure tourism and baby boomers. The different types of adventure tourism was examined, which is hard and soft adventure. The baby boomers generation was also defined, where proper information was gathered in regards to their lifestyle and their interaction in leisure and adventure tourism

Linguistics and Language Teaching. Essay

Introduction Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics. Linguistic theory has traditionally considered native speakers as the only reliable source of linguistic data (Chomsky 1965). It is therefore not surprising to ? nd only a limited number of works focusing on non-native speakers prior to the 1990s. The ?  rst attempt to put‘(non)nativism’ onto the centre stage of linguistic inquiry by challenging current undisputed assumptions on the matter was Paikeday’s (1985) The native speaker is dead , in which it is argued that the native speaker ‘exists only as a ? gment of linguist’s imagination’ (Paikeday 1985: 12). Paikeday suggested using the term ‘pro? cient user’ of a language to refer to all speakers who can successfully use it. A few years later, Rampton (1990) similarly proposed the term ‘expert speaker’ to include all successful users of a language. Davies (1991, 2003) further delved into ‘native speaker’ identity, and thus formulated the key question of whether a second language (L2) learner can become a native speaker of the target language. His conclusion was that L2 learners can become native speaker of the target language and master the intuition, grammar, spontaneity, creativity, pragmatic control, and interpreting quality of ‘born’ native speakers. Generally, English educated Malaysians of all ethnic and family language background speak and move alike. However, with the implementation of the national language policy of Bahasa Malaysia as the national language of Malaysia and as the language of instruction, (except in the cases of Chinese or Tamil medium primary schools), the status of English Language in Malaysia is different from the earlier years. The English language covered a continuum from first language through second language to a foreign language. Bahasa Malaysia is replacing English in most of its previous functions, but English may be expected to remain as a continuum from second language to foreign language according to the background and occupation of the speaker. In Malaysia, presently the use of English is less common than in Singapore and is likely to decrease steadily with the implementation of the national language policy. However, English still remains as a language of considerable importance and is still being used in various spheres of everyday activity. The role of English has changed from its earlier status as the precise language of the colonial era and the decades after the Second World War to a second language. At the moment, it is still considered as an international code to be used for diplomatic and commercial negotiations and as a language necessary in many fields of tertiary study and research. Not surprisingly, the non-native English language speakers among Malaysians make grammatical mistakes from time to time. These usually happened among Malaysian adult students and even among some Malaysian English teachers. 1. The transcript of a recorded conversation. The following excerpt is a recorded conversation among teachers and will be analysed of the mistakes made by some teachers during discussion. Our discussion was on the quality and effectiveness of a programme called ‘Program Penutur Jati’ or English Language Teacher Development Project (ELTP). Briefly, the aim of the project is to enhance the lower primary ESL teachers’ ability to plan and deliver quality English lessons based on the new National English Language Curriculum in 600 schools across East Malaysia. The teachers involved in discussion come from various races, ethnic groups, ages and teaching experiences. Kamel : That is my opinion. I don’t know yours. Ok. Chairperson : I agree †¦. laugh Kamel : But , as I said just now. I don’t like that the fixture.. ok. For example aaaa as my mentor come to our school .. every Monday ok.. my class start at nine o’clock†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7. 30.. that mean one and half hour include the preparation for my lesson, so I don’t think that I have an ample time for me to prepare the things†¦ ok . Moreover, the one hour and one and half hour is the .. for all to prepare.. the whole week not only , the one day. So I don’t think that will be effective. Chairperson: Emmmm Kamel : So Chairperson : Did you tell him about it? Kamel: Aaaaaa†¦ So far not yet. Chairperson : Do you have the chance to talk about it. Kamel : Because, I don’t have any.. I don’t have the opportunity to.. Chairperson : Then, you should tell him. Kamel ; I was thinking. Why don’t the mentors like them to be .. have qualification in teaching, so that they can come to the trainee teachers training college rather than†¦ Chairperson : For your information, ahh Chairperson : Overall, it seems to be working with you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Naga : The ideas (cough)†¦ is good and different†¦ he is friendly. Chairperson : So.. ahh. If supposing .. You have a mentor to this.. who doesn’t speak.. doesn’t speak like Morrocan. Alright Naemah : Yehhh Chairperson: Right.. Alright, if.. Chairperson: Who? Chairperson : Madam Soya? She is from where? Others : Bulgaria.. (together) Chairperson : Bulgaria? Does she have the accent? Chairperson: What do you think? Do you think†¦ | 2. Common grammatical mistakes and errors by non-native English speakers. The types of errors can be categorised into two: descriptive and surface structures. Descriptive errors include noun phrase, verb phrase and complex sentence. While surface structure errors include omission, addition, misinformation, misordering and blends. After analysing the recorded conversation, there are few mistakes or errors made by Mr. Kamel during the said discussion. a. The use of unmarked forms instead of marked forms is far more frequent, as can be seen in the examples as follows. * I don’t know yours. * I don’t know about you. * .. as I said just now. * .. as I have said just now. One possible cause of these errors is merely interlingual errors which is the result of mother tongue influences ‘Saya tak tahu awak punya’ and ‘†¦ seperti yang saya kata tadi. ’ respectively. In his article, ‘A Role for the Mother Tongue’ in ‘Language Transfer in Language Learning’, Professor Corder (1981) reinvestigated the phenomenon and questions the term ‘transfer’. He suggests that mother tongue influence as a neutral and broader term to refer to what has most commonly been called transfer. Corder says that since most studies of error were made on the basis of the performance of learners in formal situations where it appears that errors related to mother tongue are more frequent, it was natural that an explanation of the phenomenon was of considerable concern to the applied linguistic. It was out of this concern that the whole industry of contrastive studies arose. He also claims that as far as the acquisition of syntactic knowledge is concerned, no process appropriately called interference takes place, if by that we mean that the mother tongue actually inhibits, prevents, or makes more difficult the acquisition of some feature of the target language. The term ‘interference’ is now most often used to mean what is no more than the presence in the learner‘s performance in the target language of mother-tongue-like features which are incorrect according to the rules of the target language. b. Obviously. Mr. Kamel has the problem in pronouncing certain words especially in the pronunciation of the initial sound of common words like the, there, then and that. It is also the middle consonant sound in feather and the final sound of bathe. These sounds are formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth. The initial sound of that and the final sound of both are both voiceless dental. This problem arises because Mr Kamel’s tongue is not merely touches the teeth. Thus, his pronunciation of these particular words are incorrect. Besides, difficulty in phonology can caused by mother tongue interference. Eltrug (1984) affirmed that mother tongue interference can contribute to a large number of pronunciation errors made by students. An English sound does exist in the native language, but not as separate phonemes. This simply means the first language speakers do not perceive it as a distinct sound that makes difference to meaning. For example The sound /? / does exist in Malay, but whether the vowel is long or short does not make any difference in meaning. For instance, the English phonemes/? / and /i:/ differ very much in meaning as in the words ‘leave’ and ‘live’, ‘sheep’ and ‘ship’. The great amount of vocabulary of English really makes the second language learner suffer in reading. There is a lot of words unknown and the most confusing point is even the second language learner know the meaning but they can’t really understand the meaning of the whole sentence. It is because an English word gives different impressions in different situations. This makes things so confusing about the meaning of the word. Grammatical interference is defined as the first language influencing the second in terms of word order, use of pronouns and determinants, tense and mood. Interference at a lexical level provides for the borrowing of words from one language and converting them to sound more natural in another and orthographic interference includes the spelling of one language altering another. In Malay grammar, it does not require one to have any form of determiner in front of instruments like computer, piano, internet. English grammar, however, requires the instruments mentioned above (computer, piano, internet) to be preceded by determiners and if neither a possessive determiner nor a demonstrative determiner is used, the use of either a definite article or an indefinite article is necessary. Thus, the ungrammatical sentences in could be the result of interference of the cultural transfer from Malay language structure on English. Erroneous form| Correct form| She plays piano while I sing. Malay: Dia bermain piano sementara saya menyanyi. | She plays the piano while I sing | She stay at home. Malay : Dia tinggal di rumah | She stays at home. | Table 1 : Examples of interference from the learners’ first language. c. Subjects also exhibited errors in subject-verb agreement as is shown in the examples as follows: * Every Monday, my class start at nine o’clock†¦. * Every Monday, my class starts at nine o’clock†¦. The omission of â€Å"-s† can be attributed to the fact that Bahasa Malaysia does not require verbs to agree with subjects. However, the ending free form is generalised for all persons to make the learning task easier and this is a common intralingual made by people with diverse native languages like Mr Kamel. 3. Causes and sources of errors and mistakes Interlingual errors are the result of mother tongue influences. Learners transfer/borrow some forms but not others due to two factors such as proto-typicality and language distance (Kellerman, 1979). Malay learners of English commonly make errors in negative sentences. For example: Adryna no coming today. [Adryna tak datang hari ini. ] Such errors are common in pre-verbal negation using no, the same negative construction as in their L1. In order to determine whether transfer is the cause for the occurrence of errors, James (1998), demonstrates that learners with a particular L1 make an error that those with a different L1 do not. He provides a useful summary of these strategies which includes the following; a. False analogy b. Misanalysis c. Incomplete rule application exploiting redundancy d. Overlooking co-occurrence restrictions e. System-simplification It is not clear which strategy is responsible for a particular error. Errors can also be viewed as ‘natural’ or as ‘induced’. For example: a. He played football yesterday. b. He goed home at six. c. He drinked milk. d. He eated dinner. e. He sleeped at eight. Conclusion To conclude, learners’ errors are a part of the learners’ language learning process. Hence, teachers should not penalise students for the errors they made. Instead, teachers should note those errors and devise ways to assist learners to overcome their problems in language learning. It is difficult to decide whether grammatically or acceptability should serve as the criterion for error analysis. If grammatically is chosen, an error can be defined as ‘breach of the rule of the code’ (Corder, 1967). Defining errors in terms of grammatically also necessitates giving consideration to the distinction between overt and covert error: In the field of methodology, there are two schools of thought with regard to learners’ error. Firstly, the school which maintains that if we were to achieve a perfect teaching method, the errors would have never be committed and therefore the occurrence of errors is merely a sign of inadequacy in our teaching techniques. The philosophy of the second school is that we live in an imperfect world and consequently errors will always occur in spite of our very best teaching and learning  methods. One effect has been perhaps to shift the emphasis away from a preoccupation with teaching towards a study of learning. The differences between the two are clearly defined: that the learning of the mother tongue is natural, whereas, we all know that there is no such inevitability about the learning of a second language; that the learning of the mother tongue is part of the whole maturational process of the child, whilst learning a second language normally begins only after the maturational process is complete. A child’s incorrect utterances can be interpreted as being evidence that he is in the process of acquiring language and the errors provide these evidences. Brown and Frazer (1964), point out that the best evidence a child possesses construction rules is the occurrence of systematic errors, since when the child speaks correctly, it is quite possible that he is only repeating something that he has heard. In the case of the second language learner, it is known that we do know some knowledge of what the input has been which we call as the syllabus. The simple fact of presenting a certain linguistic form to a learner in the classroom does not necessarily qualify it for the status of input, for the reason that input ‘is what goes in’, not ‘what is available’ for going in, and we may reasonably suppose that it is the learner who controls this input. This may well be determined by the characteristics of his language acquisition mechanism and not by those of the syllabus. References Mariam Mohd Nor, Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Shubbiah, R (2008). OUM-Linguistics and Language Teaching. Seri Kembangan, Selangor. Open University Malaysia. Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learners’ errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-70. Corder, S. P. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ames, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use: Exploring error analysis. London: Longman. Kellerman, E. (1979). Transfer and non-transfer: Where are we now? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2: 37-57. Eltrug, N. S. (1984). Analysis of the Arab Learners’ Errors in Pronunciation of English Utterances in Isolation and Context. Ph. D Dissertation. The University of Kansas. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Paikeday, T. (1985). The native speaker is dead! Toronto: Paikeday Publishing. Rampton, M. B. H. (1990). Displacing the ‘native speaker’: Expertise, af? liation, and inheritance. ELT Journal 44. 2, 97–101. Davies, A. (1991). The native speaker in applied linguistics . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Davies, A. (2003). The native speaker of World Englishes. Journal of Pan-Paci? c Association of Applied Linguistics 6. 1, 43–60

Dumbest Generation

Mark Bauerlein seems to believe that is the dumbest generation because research has shown that knowledge skills and intellectual habits have gone down, and although some people agree with him, others don’t. I believe this generation isn’t the dumbest because there are other things that need to be considered when calling someone, a group of people, or even an entire generation stupid or dumb, rather than just knowledge skills and intellectual habits. Knowledge isn’t all about what people know or how well they are in school. IQ tests test the intelligence of the person; however they test the pure thinking capacity rather than what people know.This means that intelligence comes from the entire cognitive thinking ability and not what they know. IQ tests have also been rising since the 1930’s (Source B). Furthermore, just because this doesn’t know things that people knew two generations before us did, doesn’t make us dumb. This generation is learn ing about things that people didn’t even know about two or even one generation ago. Also, most students in college don’t think that what was important back then is relevant today, so they don’t see the point in remembering or learning about it. That isn’t stupidity, that’s just choice in the information that they wish to hold.Plus, some people are more intelligent about certain things about other people, but that doesn’t make them dumb or stupid about that subject. They just don’t understand it as much as other people. If you look at other subjects for that person, I’m sure you’ll find their strong spot, and what they’re good at. It all depends on what their brain can understand and comprehend. Moreover, students and even adults are coming together. They create groups and social activities that allow people with similar interests and intelligence to get together and help and teach what they know about that particu lar subject.They come to these people for their knowledge to improve their craft, gain reputation, and expanding their intelligence and interest in their craft (Source C). Although most people may disagree, the new media and social advances help with this. It allows students to reach people around the globe and get other information so they get direct information. According to Mizuko (Source C), â€Å"Youth respect one another’s authority online and are more often motivated to learn from peers than adults. † So by this meaning, the social media allows students to learn in a more advanced way to where they don’t feel like they are being condescending.This also allows the students to learn more of on their own and exploring, rather than knowing the goals and going by a direct lesson plan. Given the fact that most students use Google instead of a library might make people think that we are being derived of learning how to do research on our own. Although most peopl e are right, Google does have benefits. If someone just needs a quick way to get information, Google is good place to get started. Most people know to make sure things are doubled in places rather than just in one place though, so they know what to do about how to research.Additionally, having social media and the internet, texting, email etc. , also creates more chances of writing. Most parents and teachers think that this is causing a downfall in school and literacy capabilities but in reality its actually helping. According to Thompson (Source G), she believes we are in the middle of a literacy revolution. This generation writes more than any other generation before. Most peoples’ writing happens outside the classroom. It may not be very advanced writing, but it is writing. It works the writing and literacy capabilities because it is still writing. They have to read, comprehend, understand, and respond.All of which includes using the abilities that they already had. Also, almost thirty-eight percent of writing happens outside of the classroom. Everything that people write, including texting and email etc. , add up and help with their brain which expands their learning and thinking capacity. Along with social media, there are video games. The people who play video games say that they help with hand-eye coordination, and those who don’t say that the video games make the brains weak. But in all actuality, video games help expand the thinking capacity and help the thinking and learning capabilities.They figure out how to get through things in the game and don’t just cheat by using a manual. They have to think about what could happen next or look at how things happen so they know how to act, react, and do (Source F). Furthermore, every generation has their â€Å"dumb spots†. That doesn’t make each generation the dumbest generation though. One person can’t say that this is the dumbest generation when every generation is d umb at some point or with some group of people. In 1962, according to Simpson, (Source E), he did a documentary about a group of people who didn’t even know what most people did know at their age.They barely knew anything at all and they weren’t able to spend all day texting or playing video games. Each generation has their problems, so one cannot pinpoint what generation is the dumbest generation. So, although some people believe different, I believe this generation is not the dumbest generation because knowledge is not all about the amount of information a person holds. It’s about the thinking capacity and other things can interrupt that thinking process, and also, each generation has their â€Å"dumb† faults. This generation may be more evident, but it is not the dumbest generation.

The unfair portrayal of islam in western media Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The unfair portrayal of Islam in the West Ever since the 9/11 attacks this world has been a completely different place for the Muslims. It is so ironical that after these events the concept of Islam has completely transformed in the minds of the western community. Muslims all over the world are now seen with contempt and hatred by the western community. This is more like a generalization about the whole western world but to some extent it is true. Some important questions arise as to who is responsible for this drastic transformation? Why has such a change taken place? Why does West feel threatened by Islam? For how long this war between West and Islam will continue? What can be done to change the image of Islam in the minds of the western community? For decades there has been a social war between the west and Islam. Their concepts and culture differ from the very beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on The unfair portrayal of islam in western media or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now There has always been a very well defined boundary between both the worlds. One cannot ignore the fact that power of the whole world lies in the hands of the West. The West sees Islam as a conservative religion and considers the followers of this religion as narrow-minded beings. Muslims all over the world are being discriminated and in some places it is even seen that they are humiliated. But this is more like digging into the past and gaining evidence on the basis of social sciences. The present scenario of the world is more important to answer the above mentioned questions (Shadid & Koningsveld 2002). It all started when the world was shaken by the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre. According to the investigation reports it was found that the people responsible for these attacks were Muslims. This was the first time when the whole world came to know about Taliban and Al-Qaeda. These are Muslim groups that are believed to be the backbone of all terrorist activities going on in the present world. In the last decade this world has faced the most ominous terrorism events. A list of examples can be quoted where the West has linked Muslims to terrorism in the present day. London Bombings and Mumbai Bombings are a great example of such events. After the 9/11 attacks, London also fell as a victim to the terrorist activity. On July7, 2005 London’s transportation system was hit by deadly explosions. Three bombs exploded in the underground tubes and one explosion took place in a double Decker bus. Together these four suicide bombings took away the lives of fifty-six innocent p eople and left more than seven hundred and fifty injured.